In the BOF process, coke making and iron making precede steel making; these steps are not necessary with an EAF. Pig iron is manufactured from sintered, pelletized, or lump iron ores us-ing coke and limestone in a blast furnace. It is then fed to a BOF in molten form along with scrap metal, fluxes, alloys, and high-purity oxygen to manufacture ...

A blast furnace (BF) is the dominant process for making iron in the world. The BF is charged with metallurgical coke and iron burden materials including iron ore pellets, sinter, and lump ore. While descending in the BF the charge materials reduce.

Iron making is the extraction of iron from its ore to a specified composition. The iron making processes can be classified in two types: ... problems in the sintering process as well as inthe blast-furnace ironmaking.1 It is widely known that alkali metals like potassium and

Hot iron is then charged to BOF to make steel HM (BOF steel making). An integrated BF-BOF production plant also include process plants for coking, pelletizing, sinter, finishing, and associated power production. Electric Arc Furnace (EAF): This steel making process using electric arc to heat charged materials such as pig iron, steel scraps, and ...

J.R. Manuel, in Iron Ore, 2015. 4.2.2 Sinter. Low-temperature (< 1300 °C) iron ore sinter is an agglomerate of unmelted and partially melted nuclei particles (+ 1 mm) and a matrix bonding phase produced from the melting of fine ore (− 1 mm) and flux particles, with the majority of melt formation occurring in the granule adhering fines layer ...

Incredible Technique of Iron Casting Process - Making a Flour Machine. Incredible Technique of Iron Casting Process - Making a Flour Machine.

Iron making. The primary objective of iron making is to release iron from chemical combination with oxygen, and, since the blast furnace is much the most efficient process, it receives the most attention here. Alternative methods known as direct reduction are used in over a score of countries, but less than 5 percent of iron is made this way. A third group of iron-making techniques classed as ...

making since from the last few decades. Keeping in view for increasing quality of hot metal and its production rate, efficiency of the. furnace operations with keeping clean environment, adaptation of few newer technologies and practices in the area of Blast Furnace. iron making are selected for this paper.

The only source of primary iron is iron ore, but before all that iron ore can be turned into steel, it must go through the sintering process. Sinter is the primary feed material for making iron and steel in a blast furnace.

Glossary - Ministry of Steel, Government of India Iron making is the process of Reduction of iron ore using the relevant ... Hot metal is the primary input for production of steel in the Integrated Steel Plants. ...However, TISCO is using it in their blast furnace as substitute for iron ore or/sinter.....Agglomeration of Iron Ore: Iron Ore Fines/blue dust cannot be charged in the blast ...

An optimization model for iron-making system covering sinter matching process to blast furnace process is established, in which the energy consumption, CO2 emission and cost minimizations are taken as optimization objectives. Some key constraints are considered according to practical production experience in the modelling. The combination of linear programming (LP) and nonlinear …

Sintering or frittage is the process of compacting and forming a solid mass of material by heat or pressure without melting it to the point of liquefaction.. Sintering happens as part of a manufacturing process used with metals, ceramics, plastics, and other materials.The atoms in the materials diffuse across the boundaries of the particles, fusing the particles together and creating one solid ...

The present invention is 5mm by mixing the sinter dust (dust) generated during iron ore sintering and the CDQ dust (coust powder) (water immersion), blast furnace EP, etc., which can be used as a heat source adjuvant with the pulp sludge generated in the papermaking process It is expected to improve the role of activator, improve productivity, and reduce cost by processing the by-products of ...

production rate of sinter, and the properties of the formed sinter have a significant impact on the overall economics of steel making. The iron ore sintering process is extremely complicated, involving a large number of inter-related vari-ables. Since the 1950s many studies have been carried out

For more than two centuries now the gas-solid smelting mode has been the dominant way to produce Iron from its ores, in the Blast-Furnace process. The main reason for this long lasting dominance was that iron-ores were found in nature as stones. By mid XX Century, stones got scarce so fine iron-ores had to be used. Because of the very nature of Blast-Furnaces smelting mode, fine iron-ores ...

To recover heat from the hot sintered product, and return it to the sintering process, to improve process efficiency. Dedusting fan To collect the large quantities of dust generated in the sintering process that can then be recycled as a process input.

iron and steel mills. Typically, they enter the process by melting scrap steel in an electric arc furnace, bypassing the iron-making process and attendant support activities such as sintering and coke making. The processing order is illustrated in the simplified flow diagram in Figure 2-1. In coke making, coal is destructively

Sinter with very high RDI generates fines that would lower the permeability in the upper part of the blast furnace leading to higher fuel consumption in the iron making process. Sinter with very low RDI would have lower reducibility and once again increase the fuel consumption in the blast furnace.

The process of sintering is basically a pre-treatment process step during iron making for the production of the charge material called sinter for the blast furnace from iron ore fines and also from metallurgical wastes (collected dusts, sludge and mill scale etc.). The sintering technology was originally developed for the purpose of utilizing ...

An Infographic of the Iron and Steel Manufacturing Process. Steel production is a 24-hour-a-day, 365-day-a-year process, dependent on a consistent supply of raw materials and huge amounts of energy. According to the World Steel Association, world crude steel production has increased from 851 million tonnes (Mt) in 2001 to 1,606 Mt in 2013 and ...

Sinter plants process a mixture of iron ore fines, recycled ironmaking products, slag-forming agents and solid fuel (coke) with the finality of obtaining a product with the suitable ...

Answer (1 of 2): We do sintering process in iron making to produce the sinter that is used in blast furnace as raw material. Yes, we can directly use the iron ore fines in blast furnace but instead of doing that we prefer the iron ore agglomerate (Sinter). Sinter is a porous mass have size range...

Sintering process is a generic term that is used to describe the process of agglomeration of a green mix of iron ores, fluxes and coke and plant solid wastes having a particle size of -10 mm so as to produce sinter which can withstand …

In iron making process, sinter and coke, as well as other substances as lump ore, fluxes, are fed from the top into the blast furnace, and hot blast from hot blast stoves with PCI is sent to the tuyere of the blast furnace to sustain the reduction heat of iron ore to iron, . As a by-product, blast furnace gas (BFG) leaves the blast furnace at ...

Sintering is an agglomeration process that fuses iron ore fines, fluxes, recycled products, slag-forming elements and coke. The purpose of sintering is …

The process of sinter making originated from a need to make use of fines generated in mines and in ore benefiCiation plants. With the development of sintering technology, a sintering plant has become a tremendous success for providing a phenomenal increase in productivity and saving in coke rate to the blast furnace. The technology of sinter making

The steelmaking process Two main routes OUTPUT PRODUCTS Direct reduction of iron ore Blast furnace Sinter plant / Pellet plant Coke oven Refining Continuous casting Electric arc furnace Electricity Oxygen Basic oxygen furnace Supplementary heating fuels Wind turbines Buildings Packaging

The raw materials used to produce pig iron in a blast furnace are iron ore, coke, sinter, and limestone. Iron ores are mainly iron oxides and include magnetite, hematite, limonite, and many other rocks. The iron content of these ores ranges from 70% down to 20% or less.

The ironmaking process in the blast furnace is a heat and mass transfer process, and the furnace can be divided into different zones according to physical and chemical state of the feed and temperature. Figure 1.1.5 illustrates various zones of the blast furnace and feed distribution and materials flow [13].Corresponding to each temperature interval, typical reactions will take place.

Sintering is a process by which a mixture of iron ores, fl uxes and coke is agglomerated in a sinter plant to manufacture a sinter product of a suitable composition, quality and granulometry to be ...

Sintering is a process in which solid wastes are combined into a porous mass that can then be added to the blast furnace. These wastes include iron ore fines, pollution control dust, coke breeze, water treatment plant sludge, and flux.

The Finex process is an innovative ironmaking process which has been developed by Siemens VAI and Posco. A schematic of the process is shown below: Figure 1: The FINEX process. Molten Iron is produced directly using iron ore fines and non-coking coal rather than processing through a sinter plant and coke ovens as traditional blast furnace route.

The basicity of sinter feed material is an important parameter in the efficient operation of the sintering and iron making process. Basicity is a calculated chemical parameter composed of the ratio of two or more elements that are known to affect the alkalinity of the material.

2. An introduction to modern iron making, R. H. Tupkary, Khanna Publishers (2004) Course Outcomes After completing this course, the student should be able to: 1. Describe the physical and chemical processes that take place during iron making 2. Analyse the …