273 Sabanov S., Pastarus J.-R., Shommet J. SUSTAINABILITY ASSESSMENT METHODS IN OIL SHALE MINE CLOSURE • Open mining • Power Plant • Underground • Shale Oil Plant mining Oil Shale Oil Shale Mining Production Restoration Wastes • Open mining area restoration • Rock Waste from mines • Underground backfilling with • Ash from Power ...

In 1997 year 6 mines and 3 opencasts mined in total 22 Mtons of oil shale. After partial enrichment 14.4 Mtons of oil shale was sold to make electricity (2 power plants), shale oil and gas (3 processing plants), and heat. Oil shale mining imparts a variety of impacts on the environment.

ment of an oil-shale industry is the price of petroleum. Today, few if any, deposits of oil shale can be economically mined and processed for shale oil in competition with petroleum. Nevertheless, some countries with oil-shale resources, but lacking coal and petroleum resources, find it expedient to op-erate an oil-shale industry.

Oil shale industry in Estonia. Oil shale industry in Estonia. 80% of oil shale used globally is extracted in Estonia, mainly due to the Oil-shale-fired Narva power plants. The largest Estonian producer of electricity and heat energy is the Narva power plants, owned by Eesti Energia, which provide over 90% of the electricity produced in Estonia.

1 st Oil Shale Power Plant in Jordan. 470 MW (Net) USD 2.1 Billion. Largest. Private Investment into Jordan. 1 st & Largest Oil Shale. 10 million tonnes p.a. Mine in Jordan. World Class.

Shale Oil: Definition • Sedimentary rock with a high organic content – Organic matter is known as kerogen • Kerogen: – MW avg. =3000 – Approximate formula C200 H300 SN 5O11 1 1. Feng H.Y. Rates Of Pyrolysis Of Colorado shale oil. p. 732. American Institute Of Chemical Engineers Journal . …

Students understand what oil shale is and how it was formed over time. Students learn about the location and quantity of Australia's oil shale resources. Students describe how oil shale is mined and how it might contribute to Australia's fuel mix. Students learn about an oil shale demonstration plant in Queensland. Download Resource.

Like the kerogen in oil shale, tar sands' bitumen can be upgraded to synthetic crude oil. Because developing fossil fuels from these resources is different and more intensive than traditional energy production, such as coal mining or oil and gas drilling, oil shale and tar sands are referred to as unconventional fuel sources.

Oil shale is an organic-rich fine-grained sedimentary rock containing kerogen (a solid mixture of organic chemical compounds) from which liquid hydrocarbons can be produced, called shale oil.Shale oil is a substitute for conventional crude oil; however, extracting shale oil is costlier than the production of conventional crude oil both financially and in terms of its environmental impact.

The oil shale industry is an industry of mining and processing of oil shale—a fine-grained sedimentary rock, containing significant amounts of kerogen (a solid mixture of organic chemical compounds), from which liquid hydrocarbons can be manufactured. The industry has developed in Brazil, China, Estonia and to some extent in Germany and Russia. Several other countries are currently ...

Shale oil refers to hydrocarbons that are contained in formations of shale rock. Shale oil is closer to a finished product than oil shale, but the extraction process still involves drilling and ...

Extracting and processing shale oil is an expensive and difficult process. Coal, petroleum, and natural gas are less expensive to extract. Australia, Brazil, Switzerland, Sweden, Spain, and South Africa began mining oil shale in the 19th and 20th centuries, but they all stopped production by the 1960s. The U.S. ceased production in the early 1980s.

Method Geographic Information System Ground Water Influence of water discharging on water balance and quality in the Toolse River in UBJA oil shale mining Groundw ater Modeling Power region Plant Quality Control Share this on K. Robam, I. Valgma Water Balance Published in 2011.

Exxon and the Tosco Corporation invested the most money — more than half a billion dollars — in their joint Colony shale mining plant, now abandoned, a …

Commercial oil shale development will require immense financial investment, an unknown amount of Colorado River Basin water, the construction of …

Terrestrial oil shale is formed from organic material, plant and animal matter that once lived on land, similar to the material that produces coal. Lacustrine oil shale descends from fresh or brackish water algae remains. Marine oil shale deposits are the result of …

The Bureau of Mines is opening two adjacent areas forunderground mining in western Colorado. From the first area the oil shale ismined selectively as required by the retorting plant. The second area is beingdeveloped as a unit of a full scale oil-shale mine to ascertain the mostpractical methods of mining oil shale and to determine costs.

Enefit280 Oil Shale Processing Plant flowsheet. Specifications. As oil shale composition and processing capability is highly dependent on the resource, Outotec, together with our joint venture Enefit Outotec Technology, offers two small-size test facilities. These two units,with 10 and 300 kg/h throughputs, allow testing of the oil shale ...

John R. Dyni, in Encyclopedia of Energy, 2004 1 Introduction. Oil shale is a low-unit-cost energy commodity that requires mining and retorting thousands of tons of oil shale per year to achieve profitability. For example, one short ton of a commercial grade oil shale from the Green River formation in Colorado assays about 35 U.S. gallons of shale oil per short ton of rock (approximately 145 ...

As the world's largest commercial oil shale reserve, the Estonian Oil Shale Deposit has been exploited since 1916. As a result of mining, storing of solid wastes from the oil shale separation, combustion in the power plants and its thermal processing, the landscape in northeastern Estonia has been essentially changed and the man-made landforms have developed: the new microreliefs of …

Utah oil shale mining claims, to be discussed later, were settled in 2009. Today the federal government contends that all pre-1920 unpatented oil shale mining claims are no longer valid. Development Activities Shortly after 1915, developers began building small pilot plants to process oil shale, believing that eventually this

Extracting and processing shale oil is an expensive and difficult process. Coal, petroleum, and natural gas are less expensive to extract. Australia, Brazil, Switzerland, Sweden, Spain, and South Africa began mining oil shale in the 19th and 20th …

Maoming oil shale mine started operation in the 1960s, and stopped in the 1990s due to the shutting down of the Maoming retorting plant. TE SS In Brazil, open pit mining has been carried out for producing oil shale, about several thousand tons daily, for Petrosix retorting. S R In USA, oil shale was exploited, but only used for pilot plant or ...

Rotem Amfert, which operates a small power plant at Mishor Rotem with the oil shale it is mining from the nearby area, sought a few years ago permission to …

CHAPTER 4 ORIGIN AND CHARACTERISTICS OF GREEN RIVER OIL SHALE. 61: ... million minerals mining molecules nahcolite oil shale oil yield oil-shale oil-shale deposits oil-shale industry oil-shale kerogen Organic Geochemistry organic matter origin oxidation oxygen petroleum Petrosix Piceance Creek Basin plant precursors present Proc pyrite ...

Oil shales range widely in organic content and oil yield. Commercial grades of oil shale, as determined by their yield of shale oil, ranges from about 100 to 200 liters per metric ton (l/t) of rock. The U.S. Geological Survey has used a lower limit of about 40 l/t for classification of Federal oil-shale lands.

at the laboratory or pilot-plant stages. The princi-pal advantage of AGR processing is high oil recov-ery per unit of ore processed. However, with some mining methods, oil recoveries per acre may be lower than with MIS. Surface disturbance is high- ... Oil Shale Mining 3 / ...

Unlike conventional oil, shale oil cannot be recovered by drilling; it requires heating for oil to be released 3. There are two methods of recovering shale oil – ex-situ and in-situ processing. In ex-situ processing, shale oil is mined with conventional mining …

Oil shale is separated in dressing plants out of big ROM (u003e25 mm) pieces. .... The main method of beneficiation is crushing the softer part of oil shale, i.e. ... A Review on Technologies for Oil Shale Surface Retort Apr 10, 2012 ... is suitable for small plant processing oil shale with low oil ... suitable for large scale shale oil plant.

The main idea of this article is to substantiate the expediency of revival of the oil shale industry in Russia. Data on the UTT-3000 plants' advantages, shale oils, and gas properties is provided. Information on investments in an UTT-3000 plant and estimated cost of Leningrad oil shale mining at the Mezhdurechensk Strip Mine is given.

Oil Shale. Not to be confused with shale oil, which is oil produced via horizontal wells and hydraulic fracturing, oil shale must be heated to high temperatures to convert the organic matter (kerogen) into usable oil.. Shale is a fine-grained sedimentary rock composed of mud containing clays and silt-size particles of other minerals.

Unocal was the last to fold, closing its plant in 1991, despite a federal contract to buy shale oil for $41.50 per barrel, about twice the market rate. No matter how high the price of crude oil ...

Scott Sommerdorf | The Salt Lake Tribune CEO Rikki Hrenko smells a freshly broken piece of oil shale that mining engineer Ben France holds. One can easily smell the oil contained within a piece of shale that comes from the "mahogany zone" of the shale deposit. Enefit Oil's Brian Wilkinson is at left, Wednesday, August 7, 2013.

The facility is located on the Naval Oil Shale Reserve near Rifle, Colorado. A $9 million, 34 month, mining, retorting and disposal program is scheduled for completion by mid 1976. A large pilot plant and a semi-works scale plant were erected and put into operation in 1974. Two modes of operation, direct and indirect heating, have been ...